Figure 1. a) Ozone concentration maps with west-east crossections. Note the peak at Kansas City and St. Louis.
Ozone exhibits strong day-to-day variation that can be quantified by examining "cleaner" and "dirtier" days across the domain. The urban impact is virtually undetectable during cleaner, low-ozone days (i.e., the lowest 10th percentile of ozone concentrations). However, even during the cleanest days there is a broad area of elevated ozone (>40 ppb) over the north-central OTAG states from Illinois to Pennsylvania. During the dirtier, or high-ozone days (the 90th percentile) the urban influence is very pronounced but confined to about a few hundred miles from major metropolitan areas. It is therefore implied that urban areas are causing the highest 1-hour daily maximum ozone concentrations as well as the highest variation in ozone concentration (90th - 10th percentile difference).
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