Anthropogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds
(VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) within the OTAG domain from area
and point sources contribute to the formation of excess anthropogenic
ozone on top of the tropospheric background. Point sources are
generally tall stacks located mostly in rural areas with NOx-rich
emissions. Area source emissions arise mostly from low-level emissions
in urban metropolitan areas that are rich in VOC as well as NOx.
Area sources of NOx occur primarily in large urban metropolitan
areas (e.g., Washington-New York corridor, Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas-Ft. Worth,
Houston, St. Louis), while elevated point sources of NOx are prevalent
in non-urban but industrial regions such as the Ohio River Valley.
Temporally, area sources tend to have both a diurnal and seasonal
cycle, while point sources are typically more invariant with time.
Figure 2. Point source emissions for NOx. The high emission densities are located mostly in the industrial Midwestern states.
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