TRANSPORT AND MIXING PHENOMENA RELATED TO OZONE EXCEEDANCES IN THE NORTHEAST U.S. (ANALYSES BASED ON NARSTO-NORTHEAST DATA)
WORKING DRAFT NO. 1
Prepared by Donald L. Blumenthal, Frederick W. Lurmann, Naresh Kumar, Timothy S. Dye, Scott E. Ray, and Marcelo E. Korc
This report is in DRAFT form. It is the first part of an assessment of regional transport issues in the Northeast and how well the transport and its effects are represented by models applied to the area. It has been prepared for submittal to the OTAG Air Quality Analysis Workgroup. The work is based on analyses of NARSTO-Northeast data. Suggestions for ways to clarify or improve the material are welcome.
This report has been prepared as an informational document for
use by the OTAG Air Quality Analysis Workgroup. The report is
based on analyses of NARSTO-Northeast data. It is a working draft
document and has not been peer reviewed or reviewed by the NARSTO-Northeast
participants. All conclusions are those of the authors and not
of NARSTO-Northeast or the sponsors. It is being circulated for
review and comment and will be revised in response to comments
received. Suggestions for ways to clarify or improve the material
are welcome.
The authors appreciate the cooperation and input of the NARSTO-Northeast
participants. The report draws heavily on the NARSTO-Northeast
database and on information presented at the First NARSTO-Northeast
Data Analysis Symposium and Workshop at Norfolk VA in December
1996. We are especially grateful for data, analyses, and technical
input from Bob Gaza and Doc Taylor of NYDEC, Bill Ryan of the
University of Maryland, Jian Zhang of the State University of
New York at Albany, and Paul Roberts, JerryAnderson, and Tami
Haste of Sonoma Technology, Inc. (STI).
This effort was initiated and coordinated by Jeffrey West of General
Public Utilities (GPU) and was made possible by funding from GPU,
New England Electric System (NEES), and the Electric Power Research
Institute (EPRI).
The authors appreciate the review and comments on an initial draft by Jeff West, Brad Spooner of NEES, and Peter Mueller and Alan Hansen of EPRI. We also greatly appreciate the hard work and long hours of Carolee DeWitt, Sandy Barger, and Martina Shultz of the STI publications staff who made it possible to complete this report on a very short time schedule.
Figure
1-1. NARSTO-Northeast air quality
sites and sampling locations
1-2. NARSTO-Northeast surface and
upper-air meteorological sites
2-1. Schematic of transport regimes
observed during NARSTO-Northeast
3-1. Evolution of the wind field
above New Brunswick, NJ (Rutgers) on the night of July 31-August
1, 1995
3-2. Aircraft spiral and upper-air
winds at Gettysburg, PA at 0600 EST on August 1, 1995
3-3. 12-hour resultant wind vectors
for radar profiler sites from 0500 EST to 1700 EST July 14, 1995
3-4. 12-hour resultant wind vectors
for radar profiler sites from 0500 EST to 1700 EST August 1, 1995
3-5. 24-hour resultant wind vectors
for radar profiler sites from 1700 EST July 31, 1995 to 1700 EST
August 1, 1995
3-6. CALMET back trajectories at
10, 500, and 1000 m agl ending at 1500 EST on July 14, 1995
3-7. CALMET back trajectories at
10, 500, and 1000 m agl ending at 1500 EST on July 15, 1995
3-8. CALMET back trajectories at
10, 500, and 1000 m agl ending at 1500 EST on August 1, 1995
4-1. Surface and 850 mb synoptic
conditions and winds for July 14, 1995 at 0700 EST
4-2. Surface and 850 mb synoptic
conditions and winds for July 15, 1995 at 0700 EST
4-3. Surface and 850 mb synoptic
conditions and winds for July 31, 1995 at 0700 EST
4-4. Surface and 850 mb synoptic
conditions and winds for August 1, 1995 at 0700 EST
5-1. Upper-air winds at New Brunswick,
NJ (Rutgers) on July 14 and July 15, 1995
5-2. Upper-air winds at New Brunswick,
NJ (Rutgers) on July 31, 1995 and August 1, 1995
5-3. Upper-air winds on July 14,
1995 at 0300 EST
5-4. Upper-air winds on July 14,
1995 at 1500 EST
5-5. Upper-air winds on July 15,
1995 at 0300 EST
5-6. Upper-air winds on July 15,
1995 at 1500 EST
5-7. Upper-air winds on July 31,
1995 at 0300 EST
5-8. Upper-air winds on July 31,
1995 at 1500 EST
5-9. Upper-air winds on August 1,
1995 at 0300 EST
5-10. Upper-air winds on August
1, 1995 at 1500 EST
5-11. CALMET back trajectories at
500 m agl ending at 0500 EST on July 14, 1995
5-12. CALMET back trajectories at
500 m agl ending at 0500 EST on July 15, 1995
5-13. CALMET back trajectories at
500 m agl ending at 0500 EST on August 1, 1995
6-1. Surface (A) and aloft (B) ozone
concentrations on the afternoon of July 14, 1995
6-2. CALMET back trajectories at
10 m agl ending at 1500 EST on July 14, 1995
6-3. Maximum 1-hour ozone concentrations
(ppb) and selected surface back trajectories on August 1, 1995
6-4. Surface shoreline and offshore
wind data from August 1, 1995
6-5. Vertical distribution of ozone,
NO, NOy, and temperature offshore of New Hampshire
on the afternoon of August 1, 1995
6-6. Ozone concentrations measured
on the Scotia Prince Ferry from 0900-2000 EST on August 1, 1995
7-1. Time series of the hourly estimates
of mixing depth (thin line) and the subsidence inversion (thick
line) from July 13 to July 15, 1995 at New Brunswick, NJ and Gettysburg,
PA
7-2. Time series of the hourly estimates
of mixing depth (thin line) and the subsidence inversion (thick
line) from July 31 to August 2, 1995 at New Brunswick, NJ and
Gettysburg, PA
7-3. Rawinsonde potential temperature
profiles at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD from July 31 to August
2, 1995 at 1100 EST
8-1. Upper-air winds at Gettysburg,
PA on July 31, 1995 and August 1, 1995
8-2. Upper-air winds at Holbrook,
PA on July 31, 1995 and August 1, 1995
8-3. Maximum one-hour average ozone
concentrations on July 31, 1995
8-4. Ozone, temperature, and NOy
vertical profiles for July 31, 1995 afternoon flights
8-5. Aloft ozone and wind speed data
collected at Gettysburg, PA from 1815 EST on July 31 through 0630
EST on August 1, 1995
8-6. Ozone, temperature, and NOy
vertical profiles for August 1, 1995 early morning flights
8-7. CALMET back trajectories at
10, 500, and 1000 m agl ending at 0500 EST on August 1, 1995
8-8. Maximum one-hour average ozone
concentrations on August 1, 1995
8-9. Vertical distribution of ozone,
NO, NOy, and temperature at New Haven, CT on the afternoon of
August 1, 1995
8-10. Ozone, temperature, and NOy
vertical profiles for July 14, 1995 early morning flights
9-1. (A) Estimated and observed surface
ozone concentrations at Reston, VA on July 14, 1995 due to mixing
down of aloft O3 and (B) mixing layer height calculated from soundings
at Sterling, VA
9-2. Maximum surface layer ozone
concentration due to ozone carryover aloft using the CB-IV mechanism
9-3. Maximum surface layer ozone
concentration due to ozone carryover aloft using the SAPRC93 mechanism
9-4. Increment in maximum ozone due
to ozone aloft above 40 ppb using the CB-IV mechanism
9-5. Increment in maximum ozone due
to ozone aloft above 40 ppb using the SAPRC93 mechanism
Table
9-1. Initial conditions
(ppb) for August 1, 1995 simulation for the CB-IV mechanism
9-2. Initial conditions (ppb) for ROG species for August 1, 1995 simulation for the
SAPRC93 mechanism
9-3. Mixing heights
on August 1, 1995
9-4. Emissions by
hour (tons/hr) of the day
9-5. Contributions of different terms to surface level maximum ozone using the CB-IV
mechanism
9-6. Contributions of different terms to surface level maximum ozone using the SAPRC93
mechanism
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